Social Security Administration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Standardized savings Administration - Research Paper Example Standardized savings Act which was ordered in 1935 ought to be viewed as that beginning stage of Social Security programs. In any case, it was not until 1937 when the Supreme Courted demonstrated the defendability of this bit of enactment (â€Å"Social Security History†, 2014). That is the reason this year was the first to observe the American government giving advantages to its residents. Disregarding the way that the primary individuals to get these advantages were laborers who resigned, with the assistance of acts that were issue further ever, the extension was extended to different classes of individuals. On the off chance that one investigates the projects that are as of now executed in the United Stated inside the system of Social Security, one should take note of the accompanying one. As a matter of first importance, it is the most seasoned of them which is named Federal Old-Age (Retirement), Survivors, and Disability Insurance. The following one is called Temporary Assistance for Needy Families. At that point, there are a few ones which center around arrangement of medicinal services administrations. The first of them is Medicare and the second is Medicaid. The program that ought to likewise be referenced is Supplemental Security Income which has just helped many individuals. Today with the assistance of innovation it is fairly simple to compute benefits that an individual is qualified for. Government disability Administration site contains a great deal of adding machines that will do it in the blink of an eye. In any case, the fundamental calculation for this is the accompanying: an individual increases genuine profit by file so as to get filed income (â€Å"Your Retirement Benefit: How It Is Figured†). After specific changes are applied this number is partitioned and the outcome is how much cash the individual will be qualified for every month. Other than cash that an individual will get after the retirement, there are different advantages that guarantee that an enduring life partner will be qualified for the cash that late

Multiple Intelligences and Learning Styles

In today’s society not every person has known about the hypothesis of different insights anyway a great many people have known about learning styles. Indeed, even in the training field, teachers will be unable to effectively characterize both. Are various insights and learning styles two unique names of something very similar? This paper will talk about their disparities and similitudes. As per Dunn, Denig, and Lovelace (2001) â€Å"Multiple Intelligences tends to what is instructed, while realizing style tends to how it is educated, and in what context† (p. 11).Learning style investigate has confirm that any substance can be aced when educated through understudies' qualities. The Oxford word reference characterizes Intelligence as the capacity to secure and apply information and abilities. The word knowledge is gotten from the Latin action word intelligere importance to fathom or see. The word knowledge was first utilized in the fourteenth century. Early convictions in insight expressed that knowledge could be tried with a progression of inquiries and the higher an individual scored the more clever that individual was accepted to be.The first insight test utilized was created by analyst Alfred Binet in 1904 (Wade and Tarvis, 2012). The principal knowledge tests utilized were utilized to distinguish moderate kids in school. Binet’s insight test tried the psychological time of kids. In 1905 Binet and his associate Theordore Simon built up a test that deliberate memory, jargon and perceptual discrimination.Later a scoring framework was created to decide the IQ dependent on mental age and ordered age. The early IQ test had a few imperfections and the scoring framework didn't function admirably for grown-ups so today’s IQ tests are scored uniquely in contrast to the start of the IQ tests. Numerous insights is a hypothesis created by Howard Gardner in 1983 that shows that science and language were by all account not the only method to tes t intelligence.Gardner’s various knowledge hypothesis dismissed the customary and since a long time ago held view that fitness comprises exclusively of the capacity to reason and comprehend complex thoughts (Edutopia Staff, 2009). Gardner put together his hypothesis with respect to past physiological examinations and had no exact research to help his hypothesis. Indeed, even without research to help the hypothesis, his hypothesis despite everything has well known help. Gardner’s hypothesis of various insights expresses that there are in any event nine various types of intelligences.These are the nine various types of insights, Linguistic: ability for perusing, verse and everything artistic and phonetic; Logical-numerical: ability for math and science; Spatial/visual: ability for pictures, drawings, development games and material riddles; Kinesthetic: ability for utilizing a person’s entire body or parts of the body, exercises that include contact and development ; Interpersonal: ability for working with others; Intrapersonal: ability for getting oneself; Naturalistic: ability for the regular world, plants, creatures, and rocks; and Existential: ability for seeing rationally and theoretically.Learning styles are the favored style of discovering that an individual accepts works the best for that individual to pick up information dependent on their qualities, shortcomings and inclinations. Learning styles are once in a while called learning inclinations. â€Å"So, a learning style is a favored method of learning and considering; for instance, utilizing pictures rather than content; working in bunches instead of working alone; or learning in an organized as opposed to an unstructured manner† (Pritchard, 2009, p. 41). There are three learning style: Auditory: want to learn by hearing; Visual: like to learn by observing; and Kinesthetic: want to learn by doing.According to Dunn, Denig, and Lovelace (2001) students are impacted by twenty on e components despite the fact that not all students are influenced by each of the 21, most are influenced by six to fourteen components. These twenty one components that influence students are arranged into five distinct factors: Psychological: perceptual, admission, time and portability; Environmental: sound, light, temperature and plan; Emotional: inspiration, diligence, duty and structure; Sociological: self, pair, peers, group, grown-up and changed and Physiological: worldwide/diagnostic, hemisphericity, and incautious/reflective.By recognizing every student learning style educators and students can exploit the learner’s qualities and shortcomings. Most students have an essential learning style anyway it may not be the main learning style that student has. A few students have an optional learning style which can be utilized to strengthen starting learning. Pritchard (2009) discovered there is a potential downside to helping kids to recognize their specific learning style: if a youngster is given a specific learning stylelabel, it is conceivable that they will focus their learning on this one way to deal with learning and even decline to work in different modes. Numerous individuals accept that Multiple Intelligences and Learning Styles are something very similar just worded in an unexpected way. The primary contrast between various insights and learning styles is different insights tends to what is found out and learning styles address how it is found out. Numerous insights and learning styles are comparative in that both are that both are individualized to each learner.It is essential to comprehend the distinctions and likenesses of various insights and learning styles so every individual can comprehend what works best for them and how they learn. The procedure by which individuals take in is unique in relation to individual to individual. This paper was utilized to feature general insight, the kinds of various insights and learning styles. Various insights and gaining styles fluctuate incredibly from individual to individual. Every individual should make sense of how they learn for their best open door for compelling and enduring learning. A one size fits all way to deal with learning will never work for all students.

How to Make Your Essay Outstanding

How to Make Your Essay OutstandingYou need good essay samples for your ICSE essay exams. The details of this are very important and need to be looked at carefully so you can find what works best for you. You will find that some of the techniques used for this paper will be less applicable for you, but still work well.One of the first things you need to do is to remember that you don't study for ICSE unless you think you have it covered. You might spend hours doing research or looking at examples, but you must remember that these will not always be successful. If you really want to have a blast in exams then you need to understand that you can get the information you need. That means taking a different approach to them.Once you know this, the next step is to look at the specific problems with your focus. There are times when people will concentrate too much on particular problems and forget to look at the bigger picture. Focus on the details but also think about the big picture. This way you will be able to take in all the information you need.Another thing to do is to realize that you don't have to cram it all in. Although it can help you make it more effective, you will still need to include topics you already know. Remember that there is nothing stopping you from learning about your topic, but also use those you have learnt before.A great option is to go into other areas of study that you think might be of help to you. Your idea could be to read, write or even watch television and movies. It's important to let yourself learn all the things you need to know in a creative way.During your study, if you need to, try and mix it up by mixing up ICSE topics aswell. This can be a great way to mix up your learning, as many will tell you that they learnt different subjects that week. However, if you find it's too much, then try to keep it short, as this will ensure you have learned what you need to learn.One of the most commonly used methods is by reading short stories . It can be intimidating at first, but the more you read, the more you will know. Remember that this is not a major focus of your ICSE essays so it will be easier to create an essay that comes across naturally.There are many ICSE essay samples out there, but don't just settle for anything. By finding what works best for you, you can focus on the exact areas that you need to and also learn from them so you know the topics inside out.

The Importance Of Love In Cry The Beloved Country By Alan...

Nelson Mandela, a famous equality activist from South Africa, once said â€Å"No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin, or his background, or his religion †¦ if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love.† When you are born you know nothing but love, unless you are taught otherwise. Hate is a characteristic that can be changed to love through becoming understanding and empathetic to all people. Arthur Jarvis, a white civil rights activist who was shot and killed in his home and Msimangu a Native priest of South Africa work in their communities to promote love and equality. In Cry the Beloved Country, author Alan Paton uses characters Msimangu and Arthur Jarvis to show how love and outspokenness can start the†¦show more content†¦Love within a community builds unity and eliminates hate; it heals all things. On the other hand, Arthur Jarvis fights for the natives of South Africa, because he knows there should be justice and equality for all. Arthur Jarvis wrote in his book before he was killed, â€Å"It is not permissible to add to one’s possessions if these things can only be done at the cost of other men. Such developments only have one true name, and that is exploitation† (Paton 178). The idea the white men had to come into South Africa for gold, and use its people to work in the mines they were to build did not start out bad. When the mine owners started making money instead of giving their workers an increased pay, they keep the money for themselves. Support: Even though Arthur receives backlash for his beliefs, he expresses that the country of South Africa needs equality: â€Å"We believe in brotherhood, but we do not want it in South Africa† (Paton 187). Analysis: Arthur Jarvis is trying to make a difference because the people of South America cannot do it on their own. This white man who can have anything he wants and chose to support the Natives of a country his ancestors intruded on. His good leadership shows that he will fight for the people, even if his peers disagree. Clincher: Arthur shows good moralsShow MoreRelated The True Meaning of Cry, the Beloved Country Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesThe True Meaning of Cry, the Beloved Country      Ã‚  Ã‚   Many debates have been sparked by Alan Patons Cry, the Beloved Country.   Even the essence of the books title examines South Africa and declares the presence of the inner conflict of its citizens. The importance and meaning of the title of Cry, the Beloved Country is visible in Patons efforts to link the reader to forthcoming ideas in the novel, Patons description of South Africas problems, and Patons prayer for the solution of SouthRead MoreThe Meaning of the Title, Cry, the Beloved Country Essay1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe 1940 set in time book, Cry, the Beloved Country’s title by Alan Paton have intrigued yet perplexed readers over the years. The title itself has several meanings especially to the different readers and their understanding of it. The title not only expresses the importance but also plays a role in capturing the concept of the book. The reason why the title is significant because in one line it demonstrates the depth of the conflict bet ween the people and their country, though the use of style inRead MoreThe Beloved Country By Alan Paton931 Words   |  4 PagesFamily in Cry, the Beloved Country One cannot run from hardships, for they occur every day, appear suddenly, and can quickly consume hope. Instead one must face these difficulties and overcome them. However, to rise above obstacles alone would only cause further misery and despair. The struggler’s family should rally behind him to comfort and assist him in his time of need. In Cry, the Beloved Country, a 1948 contemporary novel, Alan Paton uses parallelism to emphasize the importance of familyRead MoreTurmoil in South Africa in Cry the Beloved Country by Alan Paton626 Words   |  2 Pagesand blacks filled South Africa. A major theme that Alan Paton develops throughout the novel, Cry, the Beloved Country is the importance of acting with kindness. The author promotes the idea that kindness is a part of the solution to the problems in South Africa. Being able to be kind helps people understand one another which can help bring reform and hope to the small community of Ndotcheni. Alan Paton through the novel teaches the idea of love thy brother as yourself, as Christ did, in order toRead MoreAlan Paton s Cry, The Beloved Country1747 Words   |  7 Pagesdevastating impacts of fear in slavery, Stalin’s brutal reign over Russia, and most significantly, the Nazi party. Fear has constantly been shown to possess and control people to engender dire consequences, much like it does in Alan Paton’s novel Cry, the Beloved Country. In his novel, Paton examines the negative impacts of fear, namely prejudice and corruption. Set in South Africa, the main character, reverend Stephen Kumalo, observes the stark contrast between his poor village and the cosmopolitan cityRead More Cry, the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton Essay examples961 Words   |  4 Pages Cry, the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton, is the timeless novel about South Africa in the 1940’s. As powerful white men use the land for their own benefit, the tribal system of the African natives is broken down and replaced by poverty, homelessness, fear, and violence. A black priest, Stephen Kumalo, ventures to the great city of Johannesburg in search of his lost sister and son. His journey demonstrates the unhealthy lifestyle and mutinous atmosphere of the black people; yet he is the beholderRead MorePerception of Gods Presence in Patons Novel Cry, the Beloved Country766 Words   |  4 Pagespresent alongside his people. â€Å"Teach them to obey everything that I have taught you, and I will be with you always, even until the end of this age.† Matthew 28:20. In the novel, Cry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton, conveys a message that God’s presence is both acknowledged and ignored by the characters and a message to â€Å"love thy brother as yourself† (Ma tthew 19:19) through forgiveness in spite of of skin color. Foremost, Stephen Kumalo continuously seeks and lives in the presence of the Lord. KumaloRead MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 PagesEnd Luhrmann, Baz, Strictly Ballroom - film De Heer, Rolf, Ten Canoes - film Shakespeare, William, As You Like It Skrzynecki, Peter, Immigrant Chronicle Dickinson, Emily, Selected Poems of Emily Dicksinson Herrick, Steven, The Simple Gift Baillie, Alan, The China Coin Russell, Willy, Educating Rita Cleven,Vivienne et al (eds), Contemporary Indigenous Plays Pung, Alice, Unpolished Gem Noyce, Phillip, Rabbit-Proof Fence Daldry, Stephen, Billy Elliot Making Multicultural Australia, www.multiculturalaustralia

What Is a Dentil What Is a Dentil Molding

A dentil is one of a series of closely spaced, rectangular blocks that form a molding. Dentil molding usually projects below the cornice, along the roof line of a building. However, dentil molding can form a decorative band anywhere on a structure. The use of dentils is strongly associated with Classical (Greek and Roman) and Neoclassical (Greek Revival) architecture. It is especially noticeable in the pediment of a portico of a Neoclassical building. The Correct Spelling If the word dentil sounds more like a root canal than an architectural detail, heres the reason — dental and dentil sound alike and have the same origin. Dentil is a noun from the Latin word dens, meaning tooth. Dental, from the same Latin root, is an adjective used to describe the objects and procedures of a dentist (e.g., dental floss, dental implant). When speaking of the teeth under a cornice, use the word dentil. It describes what the ornamentation looks like (i.e., a series of teeth). The teeth in your mouth have a more important function than the teeth on your house. Moulding is an alternate spelling for the millwork or masonry molding found on buildings. Dentil moulding is an acceptable leftover spelling from the British. Additional Definitions of Dentil Dentils should not be confused with brackets or corbels, which generally have a supporting function. The precursor to dentils, when the Greeks were working in wood, may have had a structural reason for being, but regular lines of rectangular blocks of stone became a mark of Greek and Roman ornamentation. A continuous line of small blocks in a Classical molding just under the fascia.—G.E. Kidder Smith, FAIA Small rectangular blocks placed in a row, like teeth, as part of a classical cornice. — John Milnes Baker, AIA A small square block used in series in Ionic, Corinthian, Composite, and more rarely Doric cornices. — Penguin Dictionary Dentil Use and Care Dentils are mainly a characteristic of Classical architecture and its derivative, Neoclassical architecture — used to get that Greek Revival Look. Dentil molding is an ornamentation with little or no functional architectural reason. Its use gives an exterior (or interior) a regal, lofty impression. Todays builders may use dentil detailing to give a house in a development an upscale look  Ã¢â‚¬â€ even if the dentils are made of PVC. For example, developers of the planned community called New Daleville, built on transformed farmland west of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, offered a model home called the Melville. Architect and writer Witold Rybczynski described the model: The Melville, with its brick front, delicate dentil molding, white keystones, and arched Georgian entrance, looks a little too fancy for its rural location... Because they are from Classical architecture, dentils were originally made of stone. Today you may see netting tucked high up and around these stone decorations, because dentils in disrepair can be dangerous. In 2005, a basketball-sized piece of the United States Supreme Courts dentil molding broke off and fell onto the steps directly in front of the building.  The traditional color of dentils is stone white, no matter what construction material is used. Never ever are dentils painted individually in different colors. Dentil Examples in History The first examples of dentil ornamentation would be in ancient architecture of the Greek and Roman eras. For example, the Library of Celsus in the Greco-Roman city of Ephesus and the 2nd century Pantheon in Rome, Italy show dentils in traditional stone. Europes Renaissance from c. 1400 to c. 1600 brought a renewed interest in all things Greek and Roman, so Renaissance architecture will often have dentil ornamentation. The architecture of Andrea Palladio exemplifies this period. Neoclassical architecture became the standard for public buildings after the American Revolution. Washington, D.C. is filled with the dignified Greek and Roman designs, including a rebuilt White House and the Library of Congress Thomas Jefferson building. The 1935 U.S. Supreme Court building in Washington, D.C. as well as the 1903 New York Stock Exchange building in New York City are late neoclassical arrivals, but complete with dentils. Antebellum architecture is often Greek Revival with dentil flourishes. Any home with neoclassical details, including Federal and Adam house styles, will often display dentils. Elvis Presleys Graceland Mansion not only has dentils on the exterior but also in the more formal interior dining room, in spite of the wide variations of interior decor. Dentils, Symmetry, and Proportion Sure, Elvis had dentil molding in his dining room, but can we — should we — all be so bold? Dentil molding is a very powerful design. In some cases, its overpowering. For interiors, dentil molding can make a small room look like a torture chamber. And why dont you see dentils on bungalows or minimal traditional houses from the 1940s and 1950s? Dentil molding was designed to ornament Greek temples, not modest American homes. Dentils may be traditional, but they are anything but minimal. Dentil molding demands proportionality and is innately symmetric. Our sense of symmetry and proportion in design comes straight from the Roman architect Vitruvius and his description of Greek architecture. Here is what Vitruvius wrote in De Architectura over 2,000 years ago: Over the frieze comes the line of dentils, made of the same height as the middle fascia of the architrave and with a projection equal to their height. The intersection...is apportioned so that the face of each dentil is half as wide as its height and the cavity of each intersection two thirds of this face in width....and the total projection of the corona and dentils should be equal to the height from the frieze to the cymatium at the top of the corona....the scheme of dentils belongs to the Ionic, in which there are proper grounds for its use in buildings. Just as mutules represent the projection of the principal rafters, so dentils in the Ionic are an imitation of the projections of the common rafters. And so in Greek works nobody ever put dentils under mutules, as it is impossible that common rafters should be underneath principal rafters. Sources Source Book of American Architecture by G. E. Kidder Smith, Princeton Architectural Press, 1996, p. 645American House Styles: A Concise Guide by John Milnes Baker, AIA, Norton, 1994, p. 170The Penguin Dictionary of Architecture, Third Edition, by John Fleming, Hugh Honour, and Nikolaus Pevsner, Penguin, 1980, p. 94Last Harvest, Witold Rybczynski, Scribner, 2007, p. 244Ten Books on Architecture by Vitruvius, Project Gutenberg EBook, http://www.gutenberg.org/files/20239/20239-h/29239-h.htm [accessed March 28, 2016]

Article Review Consumer Behavior in Shopping Center Choice

SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY, 2004, 32(8), 783-790  © Socieiy for Personality Research (Inc.) CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN SHOPPING CENTER CHOICE VEYSEL YILMAZ Osmangazi University, Eski^ehir, Turkey This study was designed to research factors which consumers consider when choosing a shopping center and to develop a suggestion model for shopping center choice. First a questionnaire about choosing a shopping center was fonned. Then the questionnaire was given to 300 randomly chosen consumers and collected on the next day. Two hundred and sixty-two fully filled out questionnaires were analyzed. Besides demographic questions, effective factors determining people s shopping center choice were asked for 17 items. Four models related to†¦show more content†¦Golob (2001a) tested a series of joint models of attitude and behavior to explain how both mode choice and attitudes regarding a combined household variables and toll facility (HOT lanes) differ across the population. Applying Weighted Least Squares (WLS) estimation to a data set from San Diego, California, the author demonstrates that choices appear to influence some opinions and perceptions, but other opinions and percept ions are independent of behavior and dependent only upon exogenous personal and household variables. None of the models tested found any significant effects of attitudes on choice. Most papers written have focused on the variables explaining the attraction of shopping center choice (e.g., Suarez, Rodriguez del Bosque, Rodriguez-Poo, Moral, 2004: Degeratu, Rangaswamy, Wu, 2000; Severin, Louviere, Finn, 2001). They have always used logit models and a random effect model. Degeratu et al. focus specifically on assessing whether or not brand names and price have an impact on choices online and in traditional supermarkets. Severin et al. investigated use of relatively recent developments in random utility theory to assess the stability over time and space of the preferences underlying retailshoppingShow MoreRelatedStrip Malls: Causes of Failure and Success2754 Words   |  12 PagesDNSI 375 DESIGN THEORY AND RESEARCH Introduction and Literature Review You have a great start on the literature review. I would spend a little bit more time on the introduction and conclusion. The introduction should be more persuasive and can be referenced (see my comments below). 17/20 Strip Malls: Causes of Failure and Success Introduction With the economic downturn, businesses are suffering greatly and closing rapidly; because of this it is important to figure out ways to reduce theseRead MoreJC Penneys New Pricing Strategy1411 Words   |  6 Pagesfinished launching three television shopping channels and its Internet store was one of the largest home furnishing and home stores on the Web. 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Appendix 61 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that ANKUR NARANG a studentRead MoreAn Examination of Sales Promotion Programs Essay5037 Words   |  21 PagesPromotion Management, 16:467–479, 2010 Copyright  © Taylor Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1049-6491 print / 1540-7594 online DOI: 10.1080/10496491003659563 An Examination of Sales Promotion Programs in Hong Kong: What the Retailers Offer and What the Consumers Prefer LIN YANG Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand WAH-LEUNG CHEUNG Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China JAMES HENRY and JOHN GUTHRIE University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand KIM-SHYAN FAM VictoriaRead MoreCase Study : The Marketing Strategy5112 Words   |  21 Pagesoffers an incredible shopping experience to its customers through fast, friendly, and professional customer services. Having established a strong foundation in customer relations, Zappos shifts its attention to other opportunities and challenges. 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Cross-references appear immediatelyRead MoreHow Can Amazon Use Positioning to Create a Strong Brand Identity in the Next 5 Years?17302 Words   |  70 Pagesof the web-shop and the shopping experience it created. On average the participants in the research take 34.15 seconds to find any single item and this is done by around 3 mouse clicks at a time. The main finding on the experience of the website is the fact that the webpage’s does have an easy navigation pattern even with the broad range it offers it is not to difficult to find any speci fic product. The one thing studies have shown is that even in this digital age consumers like to first browse offline

Investment and Portfolio Management

Question: Discuss about the Investment and Portfolio Management. Answer: Introduction Portfolio management is a strategy of selecting the precise investment policy by individuals or organizations to earn maximum return at minimum risk. It represents the best and appropriate investment plan to the investors according to their income, budget and capability to accept risks. There are generally two types of portfolio available for investors- Market portfolios and zero investment portfolios. Market portfolios involve investments in every kind of assets that are accessible in the financial market whereas zero investment portfolios are a group of investments that create nil net value. Zero investment portfolios incorporates lower risk as well as lower return because of simultaneous buying and selling of similar securities (Stettina and Hrz 2015). Most common and significant component of portfolio management is investment in securities that are assets with some financial values. Debt securities and Equity securities are two types of securities available to the investors. Debt securities are the assets having defined terms and conditions with respect to the principal amount, rate of interest, rate of returns and maturity date. Accordingly, interest-bearing securities are a part of debt securities such as bonds, debentures, certificates of deposits that disburse regular interests (Rank, Unger and Gemnden 2015). Discussion Interest- bearing securities being the essential component of portfolio management are majorly tradable in the money market and capital market. Most common interest-bearing securities that are available majorly in the money market are cash investments in the form of certificate of deposits and money market instruments. Cash investments are short-term securities that bear fixed interest rate usually with maturity of 90 days generate low returns (Kock, Heising and Gemnden 2015). Certificate of Deposits are the common interest bearing securities traded in the money market issued by commercial banks at higher rate of interests than that in savings account. These securities can be issued at any denominations with a maturity period of either three months or six months (Edirisuriya, Gunasekarage and Dempsey 2015). Certificate of Deposits restrains the access of funds until the date of maturity of the investment asset. For example, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insures the issuance of certificate of deposits by bank up to the value of $250,000. On the other money market instruments are also short-term investment securities that provide decent rate of return in the form of interest with a maturity period of six months or less. These securities are highly liquid in the money market with low and affordable denominations to invest at a stretch. There are different types of money market instruments available for short-term investors, which are Treasury Bills, Federal Agency notes and commercial papers. U.S. Treasury bills are the instruments that provide reasonable interest return with extremely low risk element (Ibrahim 2015). Australian treasury bills with maturity period of 2 years yields approximately 1.46 % and coupon rate @ 3.25% in the current money market while the historic yield around in the year 2000 was 6.38% at coupon rate of 7.00% (approximately). This shows that the value and return on these bills have declined in the period of sixteen years, yet for short-term investors having limited cash fund are keen on invest ing in these securities. Moreover, the commercial papers are short-term unsecured debt instruments issued by the organizations with fixed interest rates, to finance their current assets and liabilities. These instruments are issued at discount rates on the face value and carries rate of interest at the current market rate. Merrill Lynch Finance (Australia) Pty. Ltd issued commercial papers valuing around $ 800 million that is rated F1+ by Fitch IBCA. This issue reflected the strong profitability and level of interest coverage, well-diversified revenues and well utilization of asset resource as per the current economic scenario, current yield of 3months commercial paper is around 0.90 percent while the same was 0.20 % in the past year 2013 (Rahman 2015). Further, capital markets are the markets where trading of debt and equity securities take place. Common debt securities that are traded in the capital market are government bonds, corporate bonds, debentures issued by the organizations and other collateral bonds. These instruments carry fixed interest rates according to the market rate and corporate policy that are traded over the counter. In recent years, Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) require issue of debentures with an offer of security over the issuers tangible properties in proportion to the number and value of issued securities (Jackson and Victor 2015). Risks on investment and return on investments are parallel to each other. Higher the risk, higher is the return. For instance, fixed interest rate bonds or securities provide less return while the securities with variable interest rate fetch little higher return. On the other hand, securities that do not come with interest rates like equities fetch highest return and are invested with the long term perspective (Perez, Hodge and Le 2016). Figure 1: Risk vs. reward (Source: Westpac. 2016) Westpac Banking Corporation, one of the big four banks in Australia, specialize in issuing a wide range of both long term and shot term securities. It provides the facility to invest in government and corporate bonds, which yields higher return than cash investments at the rate 2.45% approximately for 12 months bond with denomination between $5,000- $2,50,000. The company also issue hybrid securities as well as tailored deposits with minimum deposit of $500,000 or $100,000 and maturity period of 1 year to 10 years (Westpac. 2016). However, investors need to review the performance of organizations and measure its issue price, interest amount with the current yield before investing in any securities. For instance, a perpetual bond of face value $1,000 and coupon rate at 4% is presently trading at $972. Current yield of similar securities in the market is 6% then investor should determine the intrinsic value of the bond before making investments. It can be derived as coupon amount/market yield rate i.e. 4% of $1,000/6% = $666.67 but the actual price of the bond is $972, which is overpriced. Hence, the investor is not advised to buy this bond (Westpac. 2016). Apart from the investors benefit, the instruments of money market influence the economic activities as well. Government regulated the measures in monetary policies either by themselves or through corporate by managing the supply of fund, credit and rate of interest. The budget of the financial year 2008-09 in Australia projected strong surplus amounted to around $21.7 billion to ensure the strong economical and financial position of the country. Incorporation of interest bearing securities for trading was a step by the government to strengthen the financial position of Australia through risk balance, fiscal flexibility to cover up the diminished global conditions (Rezende 2015). In case of Lehman Brothers, investments bank whose bankruptcy marked a serious interruption in the financial markets across the globe. This issue affected the industrial markets, stock markets with low index price, high interest rates and high level of risks. The considerable development in financial position in the Australian economy started in the year 2008. During this year government started issuing interest bearing securities with lower rate of return and low level of risks which improved the financial position raising GDP (Nainggolan, How and Verhoeven 2015). Therefore, investors have to be very cautious while managing their investment portfolio to incur maximum returns. Asset allocation means allocation of savings at right time and in a right way to maximize the return on investment. Each investment element is to be evaluated with respect to the duration, market yield, expected and actual return and issue price to have a profitable investment portfolio (Chalmers 2015). In order to choose optimum portfolio, investors can use matrix approach that involves three criteria for example, Target return 7% Target Standard deviation or risks 3% Number of days to disinvest and get back the fund, which is target in 5 days Portfolio Woolsworth with expected return 8%, risk 4% and number of days to disinvest 6 days Portfolio Bentley with expected return 5%, risk 2% and number of days to disinvest 3 days Score of return computed as portfolio return/ target return *100 Score of standard deviation or risks = Target Risk/ portfolio risk*100 Number of days score= Target days/ portfolio days *100 The optimum portfolio would be having highest total score: Score portfolio Woolsworth portfolio Bentley Expected return 8/7 * 100= 114.29% 5/7 * 100= 71.43% Risks 3/4 * 100= 75% 3/2 * 100= 150% Number of days 5/6 * 100= 83% 5/3 * 100= 166% Total score 272.29% 387.43% Table 1: Optimum portfolio (Source: Created by author) Hence, portfolio Bentley is preferable to invest because has the highest total score. Similarly, analysis of duration is also an essential factor to make invest in the right and profitable securities. For all interest bearing securities and bonds, duration is less than maturity except for zero coupon bond where duration is equal to the maturity. Accordingly, as maturity rises, duration increases at a decreasing rate and tends to limit the value. Hence, if the yield or interest rate is lower, duration of a security is higher (Fajar Pasaribu, Si and Ridwan 2015). Another significant factor of investment in interest bearing securities is a measurement of convexity, which is a curve to define the relationship between the price and yield of bonds. It is a risk management tool that reflects the change in duration of bonds with the change in interest rate. This means when yield of a bond falls price rises at a higher rate whereas if the yield rises, price falls at a lower rate. This positive feature is called positive convexity (Bengtsson and Hsu 2015). Figure2: Convexity (Source: Westpac. 2016) In the graph it is clear that even the price of two bonds is equal, bond A has a greater convexity due to the change in interest rate that shows the investors will have to pay more for securities or bonds having higher convexity. Therefore, analyzing the bond duration and risk of interest rate investors can immunize their investment portfolio to equalize it with the time horizon to fetch expected and maximum return (Chalmers 2015). Recommendation Therefore, if the investor is risk averse and not willing to invest in risk bearing securities, then it is recommended for them to invest in interest bearing securities. In this type of investment, there is a fixed amount of return in the form of interest will be incurred apart from the expected return of the securities. On the other hand, if investors are willing to take on risk and earn more return then they should invest in equity securities of listed companies or in mutual funds. Conclusion In view of the above discussions it can be said that the management of investment portfolio is critical and involve analysis of significant factors to incur maximum return at minimum risk. However, interest bearing securities are the optimum investment option for investors who are risk averse because these securities provide fixed return for a fixed duration with a maturity date. The issuance of these securities by government and corporate also contribute to the economic growth and industrial market in the country. Securities issed by companies like Woolsworth, Laserbond, Seafarms group and many more provides market prevailing interest rates and return rates. Economic growth of Australia has been in favorable with the incorporation of fixed interest rate securities and risk free bonds, which was a major step taken by Australian government since 2008. Therefore, interest-bearing securities with low risk and short-term duration are profitable for the investors. 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