Social Security Administration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Standardized savings Administration - Research Paper Example Standardized savings Act which was ordered in 1935 ought to be viewed as that beginning stage of Social Security programs. In any case, it was not until 1937 when the Supreme Courted demonstrated the defendability of this bit of enactment (â€Å"Social Security History†, 2014). That is the reason this year was the first to observe the American government giving advantages to its residents. Disregarding the way that the primary individuals to get these advantages were laborers who resigned, with the assistance of acts that were issue further ever, the extension was extended to different classes of individuals. On the off chance that one investigates the projects that are as of now executed in the United Stated inside the system of Social Security, one should take note of the accompanying one. As a matter of first importance, it is the most seasoned of them which is named Federal Old-Age (Retirement), Survivors, and Disability Insurance. The following one is called Temporary Assistance for Needy Families. At that point, there are a few ones which center around arrangement of medicinal services administrations. The first of them is Medicare and the second is Medicaid. The program that ought to likewise be referenced is Supplemental Security Income which has just helped many individuals. Today with the assistance of innovation it is fairly simple to compute benefits that an individual is qualified for. Government disability Administration site contains a great deal of adding machines that will do it in the blink of an eye. In any case, the fundamental calculation for this is the accompanying: an individual increases genuine profit by file so as to get filed income (â€Å"Your Retirement Benefit: How It Is Figured†). After specific changes are applied this number is partitioned and the outcome is how much cash the individual will be qualified for every month. Other than cash that an individual will get after the retirement, there are different advantages that guarantee that an enduring life partner will be qualified for the cash that late

Multiple Intelligences and Learning Styles

In today’s society not every person has known about the hypothesis of different insights anyway a great many people have known about learning styles. Indeed, even in the training field, teachers will be unable to effectively characterize both. Are various insights and learning styles two unique names of something very similar? This paper will talk about their disparities and similitudes. As per Dunn, Denig, and Lovelace (2001) â€Å"Multiple Intelligences tends to what is instructed, while realizing style tends to how it is educated, and in what context† (p. 11).Learning style investigate has confirm that any substance can be aced when educated through understudies' qualities. The Oxford word reference characterizes Intelligence as the capacity to secure and apply information and abilities. The word knowledge is gotten from the Latin action word intelligere importance to fathom or see. The word knowledge was first utilized in the fourteenth century. Early convictions in insight expressed that knowledge could be tried with a progression of inquiries and the higher an individual scored the more clever that individual was accepted to be.The first insight test utilized was created by analyst Alfred Binet in 1904 (Wade and Tarvis, 2012). The principal knowledge tests utilized were utilized to distinguish moderate kids in school. Binet’s insight test tried the psychological time of kids. In 1905 Binet and his associate Theordore Simon built up a test that deliberate memory, jargon and perceptual discrimination.Later a scoring framework was created to decide the IQ dependent on mental age and ordered age. The early IQ test had a few imperfections and the scoring framework didn't function admirably for grown-ups so today’s IQ tests are scored uniquely in contrast to the start of the IQ tests. Numerous insights is a hypothesis created by Howard Gardner in 1983 that shows that science and language were by all account not the only method to tes t intelligence.Gardner’s various knowledge hypothesis dismissed the customary and since a long time ago held view that fitness comprises exclusively of the capacity to reason and comprehend complex thoughts (Edutopia Staff, 2009). Gardner put together his hypothesis with respect to past physiological examinations and had no exact research to help his hypothesis. Indeed, even without research to help the hypothesis, his hypothesis despite everything has well known help. Gardner’s hypothesis of various insights expresses that there are in any event nine various types of intelligences.These are the nine various types of insights, Linguistic: ability for perusing, verse and everything artistic and phonetic; Logical-numerical: ability for math and science; Spatial/visual: ability for pictures, drawings, development games and material riddles; Kinesthetic: ability for utilizing a person’s entire body or parts of the body, exercises that include contact and development ; Interpersonal: ability for working with others; Intrapersonal: ability for getting oneself; Naturalistic: ability for the regular world, plants, creatures, and rocks; and Existential: ability for seeing rationally and theoretically.Learning styles are the favored style of discovering that an individual accepts works the best for that individual to pick up information dependent on their qualities, shortcomings and inclinations. Learning styles are once in a while called learning inclinations. â€Å"So, a learning style is a favored method of learning and considering; for instance, utilizing pictures rather than content; working in bunches instead of working alone; or learning in an organized as opposed to an unstructured manner† (Pritchard, 2009, p. 41). There are three learning style: Auditory: want to learn by hearing; Visual: like to learn by observing; and Kinesthetic: want to learn by doing.According to Dunn, Denig, and Lovelace (2001) students are impacted by twenty on e components despite the fact that not all students are influenced by each of the 21, most are influenced by six to fourteen components. These twenty one components that influence students are arranged into five distinct factors: Psychological: perceptual, admission, time and portability; Environmental: sound, light, temperature and plan; Emotional: inspiration, diligence, duty and structure; Sociological: self, pair, peers, group, grown-up and changed and Physiological: worldwide/diagnostic, hemisphericity, and incautious/reflective.By recognizing every student learning style educators and students can exploit the learner’s qualities and shortcomings. Most students have an essential learning style anyway it may not be the main learning style that student has. A few students have an optional learning style which can be utilized to strengthen starting learning. Pritchard (2009) discovered there is a potential downside to helping kids to recognize their specific learning style: if a youngster is given a specific learning stylelabel, it is conceivable that they will focus their learning on this one way to deal with learning and even decline to work in different modes. Numerous individuals accept that Multiple Intelligences and Learning Styles are something very similar just worded in an unexpected way. The primary contrast between various insights and learning styles is different insights tends to what is found out and learning styles address how it is found out. Numerous insights and learning styles are comparative in that both are that both are individualized to each learner.It is essential to comprehend the distinctions and likenesses of various insights and learning styles so every individual can comprehend what works best for them and how they learn. The procedure by which individuals take in is unique in relation to individual to individual. This paper was utilized to feature general insight, the kinds of various insights and learning styles. Various insights and gaining styles fluctuate incredibly from individual to individual. Every individual should make sense of how they learn for their best open door for compelling and enduring learning. A one size fits all way to deal with learning will never work for all students.

How to Make Your Essay Outstanding

How to Make Your Essay OutstandingYou need good essay samples for your ICSE essay exams. The details of this are very important and need to be looked at carefully so you can find what works best for you. You will find that some of the techniques used for this paper will be less applicable for you, but still work well.One of the first things you need to do is to remember that you don't study for ICSE unless you think you have it covered. You might spend hours doing research or looking at examples, but you must remember that these will not always be successful. If you really want to have a blast in exams then you need to understand that you can get the information you need. That means taking a different approach to them.Once you know this, the next step is to look at the specific problems with your focus. There are times when people will concentrate too much on particular problems and forget to look at the bigger picture. Focus on the details but also think about the big picture. This way you will be able to take in all the information you need.Another thing to do is to realize that you don't have to cram it all in. Although it can help you make it more effective, you will still need to include topics you already know. Remember that there is nothing stopping you from learning about your topic, but also use those you have learnt before.A great option is to go into other areas of study that you think might be of help to you. Your idea could be to read, write or even watch television and movies. It's important to let yourself learn all the things you need to know in a creative way.During your study, if you need to, try and mix it up by mixing up ICSE topics aswell. This can be a great way to mix up your learning, as many will tell you that they learnt different subjects that week. However, if you find it's too much, then try to keep it short, as this will ensure you have learned what you need to learn.One of the most commonly used methods is by reading short stories . It can be intimidating at first, but the more you read, the more you will know. Remember that this is not a major focus of your ICSE essays so it will be easier to create an essay that comes across naturally.There are many ICSE essay samples out there, but don't just settle for anything. By finding what works best for you, you can focus on the exact areas that you need to and also learn from them so you know the topics inside out.

The Importance Of Love In Cry The Beloved Country By Alan...

Nelson Mandela, a famous equality activist from South Africa, once said â€Å"No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin, or his background, or his religion †¦ if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love.† When you are born you know nothing but love, unless you are taught otherwise. Hate is a characteristic that can be changed to love through becoming understanding and empathetic to all people. Arthur Jarvis, a white civil rights activist who was shot and killed in his home and Msimangu a Native priest of South Africa work in their communities to promote love and equality. In Cry the Beloved Country, author Alan Paton uses characters Msimangu and Arthur Jarvis to show how love and outspokenness can start the†¦show more content†¦Love within a community builds unity and eliminates hate; it heals all things. On the other hand, Arthur Jarvis fights for the natives of South Africa, because he knows there should be justice and equality for all. Arthur Jarvis wrote in his book before he was killed, â€Å"It is not permissible to add to one’s possessions if these things can only be done at the cost of other men. Such developments only have one true name, and that is exploitation† (Paton 178). The idea the white men had to come into South Africa for gold, and use its people to work in the mines they were to build did not start out bad. When the mine owners started making money instead of giving their workers an increased pay, they keep the money for themselves. Support: Even though Arthur receives backlash for his beliefs, he expresses that the country of South Africa needs equality: â€Å"We believe in brotherhood, but we do not want it in South Africa† (Paton 187). Analysis: Arthur Jarvis is trying to make a difference because the people of South America cannot do it on their own. This white man who can have anything he wants and chose to support the Natives of a country his ancestors intruded on. His good leadership shows that he will fight for the people, even if his peers disagree. Clincher: Arthur shows good moralsShow MoreRelated The True Meaning of Cry, the Beloved Country Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesThe True Meaning of Cry, the Beloved Country      Ã‚  Ã‚   Many debates have been sparked by Alan Patons Cry, the Beloved Country.   Even the essence of the books title examines South Africa and declares the presence of the inner conflict of its citizens. The importance and meaning of the title of Cry, the Beloved Country is visible in Patons efforts to link the reader to forthcoming ideas in the novel, Patons description of South Africas problems, and Patons prayer for the solution of SouthRead MoreThe Meaning of the Title, Cry, the Beloved Country Essay1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe 1940 set in time book, Cry, the Beloved Country’s title by Alan Paton have intrigued yet perplexed readers over the years. The title itself has several meanings especially to the different readers and their understanding of it. The title not only expresses the importance but also plays a role in capturing the concept of the book. The reason why the title is significant because in one line it demonstrates the depth of the conflict bet ween the people and their country, though the use of style inRead MoreThe Beloved Country By Alan Paton931 Words   |  4 PagesFamily in Cry, the Beloved Country One cannot run from hardships, for they occur every day, appear suddenly, and can quickly consume hope. Instead one must face these difficulties and overcome them. However, to rise above obstacles alone would only cause further misery and despair. The struggler’s family should rally behind him to comfort and assist him in his time of need. In Cry, the Beloved Country, a 1948 contemporary novel, Alan Paton uses parallelism to emphasize the importance of familyRead MoreTurmoil in South Africa in Cry the Beloved Country by Alan Paton626 Words   |  2 Pagesand blacks filled South Africa. A major theme that Alan Paton develops throughout the novel, Cry, the Beloved Country is the importance of acting with kindness. The author promotes the idea that kindness is a part of the solution to the problems in South Africa. Being able to be kind helps people understand one another which can help bring reform and hope to the small community of Ndotcheni. Alan Paton through the novel teaches the idea of love thy brother as yourself, as Christ did, in order toRead MoreAlan Paton s Cry, The Beloved Country1747 Words   |  7 Pagesdevastating impacts of fear in slavery, Stalin’s brutal reign over Russia, and most significantly, the Nazi party. Fear has constantly been shown to possess and control people to engender dire consequences, much like it does in Alan Paton’s novel Cry, the Beloved Country. In his novel, Paton examines the negative impacts of fear, namely prejudice and corruption. Set in South Africa, the main character, reverend Stephen Kumalo, observes the stark contrast between his poor village and the cosmopolitan cityRead More Cry, the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton Essay examples961 Words   |  4 Pages Cry, the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton, is the timeless novel about South Africa in the 1940’s. As powerful white men use the land for their own benefit, the tribal system of the African natives is broken down and replaced by poverty, homelessness, fear, and violence. A black priest, Stephen Kumalo, ventures to the great city of Johannesburg in search of his lost sister and son. His journey demonstrates the unhealthy lifestyle and mutinous atmosphere of the black people; yet he is the beholderRead MorePerception of Gods Presence in Patons Novel Cry, the Beloved Country766 Words   |  4 Pagespresent alongside his people. â€Å"Teach them to obey everything that I have taught you, and I will be with you always, even until the end of this age.† Matthew 28:20. In the novel, Cry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton, conveys a message that God’s presence is both acknowledged and ignored by the characters and a message to â€Å"love thy brother as yourself† (Ma tthew 19:19) through forgiveness in spite of of skin color. Foremost, Stephen Kumalo continuously seeks and lives in the presence of the Lord. KumaloRead MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 PagesEnd Luhrmann, Baz, Strictly Ballroom - film De Heer, Rolf, Ten Canoes - film Shakespeare, William, As You Like It Skrzynecki, Peter, Immigrant Chronicle Dickinson, Emily, Selected Poems of Emily Dicksinson Herrick, Steven, The Simple Gift Baillie, Alan, The China Coin Russell, Willy, Educating Rita Cleven,Vivienne et al (eds), Contemporary Indigenous Plays Pung, Alice, Unpolished Gem Noyce, Phillip, Rabbit-Proof Fence Daldry, Stephen, Billy Elliot Making Multicultural Australia, www.multiculturalaustralia

What Is a Dentil What Is a Dentil Molding

A dentil is one of a series of closely spaced, rectangular blocks that form a molding. Dentil molding usually projects below the cornice, along the roof line of a building. However, dentil molding can form a decorative band anywhere on a structure. The use of dentils is strongly associated with Classical (Greek and Roman) and Neoclassical (Greek Revival) architecture. It is especially noticeable in the pediment of a portico of a Neoclassical building. The Correct Spelling If the word dentil sounds more like a root canal than an architectural detail, heres the reason — dental and dentil sound alike and have the same origin. Dentil is a noun from the Latin word dens, meaning tooth. Dental, from the same Latin root, is an adjective used to describe the objects and procedures of a dentist (e.g., dental floss, dental implant). When speaking of the teeth under a cornice, use the word dentil. It describes what the ornamentation looks like (i.e., a series of teeth). The teeth in your mouth have a more important function than the teeth on your house. Moulding is an alternate spelling for the millwork or masonry molding found on buildings. Dentil moulding is an acceptable leftover spelling from the British. Additional Definitions of Dentil Dentils should not be confused with brackets or corbels, which generally have a supporting function. The precursor to dentils, when the Greeks were working in wood, may have had a structural reason for being, but regular lines of rectangular blocks of stone became a mark of Greek and Roman ornamentation. A continuous line of small blocks in a Classical molding just under the fascia.—G.E. Kidder Smith, FAIA Small rectangular blocks placed in a row, like teeth, as part of a classical cornice. — John Milnes Baker, AIA A small square block used in series in Ionic, Corinthian, Composite, and more rarely Doric cornices. — Penguin Dictionary Dentil Use and Care Dentils are mainly a characteristic of Classical architecture and its derivative, Neoclassical architecture — used to get that Greek Revival Look. Dentil molding is an ornamentation with little or no functional architectural reason. Its use gives an exterior (or interior) a regal, lofty impression. Todays builders may use dentil detailing to give a house in a development an upscale look  Ã¢â‚¬â€ even if the dentils are made of PVC. For example, developers of the planned community called New Daleville, built on transformed farmland west of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, offered a model home called the Melville. Architect and writer Witold Rybczynski described the model: The Melville, with its brick front, delicate dentil molding, white keystones, and arched Georgian entrance, looks a little too fancy for its rural location... Because they are from Classical architecture, dentils were originally made of stone. Today you may see netting tucked high up and around these stone decorations, because dentils in disrepair can be dangerous. In 2005, a basketball-sized piece of the United States Supreme Courts dentil molding broke off and fell onto the steps directly in front of the building.  The traditional color of dentils is stone white, no matter what construction material is used. Never ever are dentils painted individually in different colors. Dentil Examples in History The first examples of dentil ornamentation would be in ancient architecture of the Greek and Roman eras. For example, the Library of Celsus in the Greco-Roman city of Ephesus and the 2nd century Pantheon in Rome, Italy show dentils in traditional stone. Europes Renaissance from c. 1400 to c. 1600 brought a renewed interest in all things Greek and Roman, so Renaissance architecture will often have dentil ornamentation. The architecture of Andrea Palladio exemplifies this period. Neoclassical architecture became the standard for public buildings after the American Revolution. Washington, D.C. is filled with the dignified Greek and Roman designs, including a rebuilt White House and the Library of Congress Thomas Jefferson building. The 1935 U.S. Supreme Court building in Washington, D.C. as well as the 1903 New York Stock Exchange building in New York City are late neoclassical arrivals, but complete with dentils. Antebellum architecture is often Greek Revival with dentil flourishes. Any home with neoclassical details, including Federal and Adam house styles, will often display dentils. Elvis Presleys Graceland Mansion not only has dentils on the exterior but also in the more formal interior dining room, in spite of the wide variations of interior decor. Dentils, Symmetry, and Proportion Sure, Elvis had dentil molding in his dining room, but can we — should we — all be so bold? Dentil molding is a very powerful design. In some cases, its overpowering. For interiors, dentil molding can make a small room look like a torture chamber. And why dont you see dentils on bungalows or minimal traditional houses from the 1940s and 1950s? Dentil molding was designed to ornament Greek temples, not modest American homes. Dentils may be traditional, but they are anything but minimal. Dentil molding demands proportionality and is innately symmetric. Our sense of symmetry and proportion in design comes straight from the Roman architect Vitruvius and his description of Greek architecture. Here is what Vitruvius wrote in De Architectura over 2,000 years ago: Over the frieze comes the line of dentils, made of the same height as the middle fascia of the architrave and with a projection equal to their height. The intersection...is apportioned so that the face of each dentil is half as wide as its height and the cavity of each intersection two thirds of this face in width....and the total projection of the corona and dentils should be equal to the height from the frieze to the cymatium at the top of the corona....the scheme of dentils belongs to the Ionic, in which there are proper grounds for its use in buildings. Just as mutules represent the projection of the principal rafters, so dentils in the Ionic are an imitation of the projections of the common rafters. And so in Greek works nobody ever put dentils under mutules, as it is impossible that common rafters should be underneath principal rafters. Sources Source Book of American Architecture by G. E. Kidder Smith, Princeton Architectural Press, 1996, p. 645American House Styles: A Concise Guide by John Milnes Baker, AIA, Norton, 1994, p. 170The Penguin Dictionary of Architecture, Third Edition, by John Fleming, Hugh Honour, and Nikolaus Pevsner, Penguin, 1980, p. 94Last Harvest, Witold Rybczynski, Scribner, 2007, p. 244Ten Books on Architecture by Vitruvius, Project Gutenberg EBook, http://www.gutenberg.org/files/20239/20239-h/29239-h.htm [accessed March 28, 2016]

Article Review Consumer Behavior in Shopping Center Choice

SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY, 2004, 32(8), 783-790  © Socieiy for Personality Research (Inc.) CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN SHOPPING CENTER CHOICE VEYSEL YILMAZ Osmangazi University, Eski^ehir, Turkey This study was designed to research factors which consumers consider when choosing a shopping center and to develop a suggestion model for shopping center choice. First a questionnaire about choosing a shopping center was fonned. Then the questionnaire was given to 300 randomly chosen consumers and collected on the next day. Two hundred and sixty-two fully filled out questionnaires were analyzed. Besides demographic questions, effective factors determining people s shopping center choice were asked for 17 items. Four models related to†¦show more content†¦Golob (2001a) tested a series of joint models of attitude and behavior to explain how both mode choice and attitudes regarding a combined household variables and toll facility (HOT lanes) differ across the population. Applying Weighted Least Squares (WLS) estimation to a data set from San Diego, California, the author demonstrates that choices appear to influence some opinions and perceptions, but other opinions and percept ions are independent of behavior and dependent only upon exogenous personal and household variables. None of the models tested found any significant effects of attitudes on choice. Most papers written have focused on the variables explaining the attraction of shopping center choice (e.g., Suarez, Rodriguez del Bosque, Rodriguez-Poo, Moral, 2004: Degeratu, Rangaswamy, Wu, 2000; Severin, Louviere, Finn, 2001). They have always used logit models and a random effect model. Degeratu et al. focus specifically on assessing whether or not brand names and price have an impact on choices online and in traditional supermarkets. Severin et al. investigated use of relatively recent developments in random utility theory to assess the stability over time and space of the preferences underlying retailshoppingShow MoreRelatedStrip Malls: Causes of Failure and Success2754 Words   |  12 PagesDNSI 375 DESIGN THEORY AND RESEARCH Introduction and Literature Review You have a great start on the literature review. I would spend a little bit more time on the introduction and conclusion. The introduction should be more persuasive and can be referenced (see my comments below). 17/20 Strip Malls: Causes of Failure and Success Introduction With the economic downturn, businesses are suffering greatly and closing rapidly; because of this it is important to figure out ways to reduce theseRead MoreJC Penneys New Pricing Strategy1411 Words   |  6 Pagesfinished launching three television shopping channels and its Internet store was one of the largest home furnishing and home stores on the Web. 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Appendix 61 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that ANKUR NARANG a studentRead MoreAn Examination of Sales Promotion Programs Essay5037 Words   |  21 PagesPromotion Management, 16:467–479, 2010 Copyright  © Taylor Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1049-6491 print / 1540-7594 online DOI: 10.1080/10496491003659563 An Examination of Sales Promotion Programs in Hong Kong: What the Retailers Offer and What the Consumers Prefer LIN YANG Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand WAH-LEUNG CHEUNG Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China JAMES HENRY and JOHN GUTHRIE University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand KIM-SHYAN FAM VictoriaRead MoreCase Study : The Marketing Strategy5112 Words   |  21 Pagesoffers an incredible shopping experience to its customers through fast, friendly, and professional customer services. Having established a strong foundation in customer relations, Zappos shifts its attention to other opportunities and challenges. 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Cross-references appear immediatelyRead MoreHow Can Amazon Use Positioning to Create a Strong Brand Identity in the Next 5 Years?17302 Words   |  70 Pagesof the web-shop and the shopping experience it created. On average the participants in the research take 34.15 seconds to find any single item and this is done by around 3 mouse clicks at a time. The main finding on the experience of the website is the fact that the webpage’s does have an easy navigation pattern even with the broad range it offers it is not to difficult to find any speci fic product. The one thing studies have shown is that even in this digital age consumers like to first browse offline

Investment and Portfolio Management

Question: Discuss about the Investment and Portfolio Management. Answer: Introduction Portfolio management is a strategy of selecting the precise investment policy by individuals or organizations to earn maximum return at minimum risk. It represents the best and appropriate investment plan to the investors according to their income, budget and capability to accept risks. There are generally two types of portfolio available for investors- Market portfolios and zero investment portfolios. Market portfolios involve investments in every kind of assets that are accessible in the financial market whereas zero investment portfolios are a group of investments that create nil net value. Zero investment portfolios incorporates lower risk as well as lower return because of simultaneous buying and selling of similar securities (Stettina and Hrz 2015). Most common and significant component of portfolio management is investment in securities that are assets with some financial values. Debt securities and Equity securities are two types of securities available to the investors. Debt securities are the assets having defined terms and conditions with respect to the principal amount, rate of interest, rate of returns and maturity date. Accordingly, interest-bearing securities are a part of debt securities such as bonds, debentures, certificates of deposits that disburse regular interests (Rank, Unger and Gemnden 2015). Discussion Interest- bearing securities being the essential component of portfolio management are majorly tradable in the money market and capital market. Most common interest-bearing securities that are available majorly in the money market are cash investments in the form of certificate of deposits and money market instruments. Cash investments are short-term securities that bear fixed interest rate usually with maturity of 90 days generate low returns (Kock, Heising and Gemnden 2015). Certificate of Deposits are the common interest bearing securities traded in the money market issued by commercial banks at higher rate of interests than that in savings account. These securities can be issued at any denominations with a maturity period of either three months or six months (Edirisuriya, Gunasekarage and Dempsey 2015). Certificate of Deposits restrains the access of funds until the date of maturity of the investment asset. For example, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insures the issuance of certificate of deposits by bank up to the value of $250,000. On the other money market instruments are also short-term investment securities that provide decent rate of return in the form of interest with a maturity period of six months or less. These securities are highly liquid in the money market with low and affordable denominations to invest at a stretch. There are different types of money market instruments available for short-term investors, which are Treasury Bills, Federal Agency notes and commercial papers. U.S. Treasury bills are the instruments that provide reasonable interest return with extremely low risk element (Ibrahim 2015). Australian treasury bills with maturity period of 2 years yields approximately 1.46 % and coupon rate @ 3.25% in the current money market while the historic yield around in the year 2000 was 6.38% at coupon rate of 7.00% (approximately). This shows that the value and return on these bills have declined in the period of sixteen years, yet for short-term investors having limited cash fund are keen on invest ing in these securities. Moreover, the commercial papers are short-term unsecured debt instruments issued by the organizations with fixed interest rates, to finance their current assets and liabilities. These instruments are issued at discount rates on the face value and carries rate of interest at the current market rate. Merrill Lynch Finance (Australia) Pty. Ltd issued commercial papers valuing around $ 800 million that is rated F1+ by Fitch IBCA. This issue reflected the strong profitability and level of interest coverage, well-diversified revenues and well utilization of asset resource as per the current economic scenario, current yield of 3months commercial paper is around 0.90 percent while the same was 0.20 % in the past year 2013 (Rahman 2015). Further, capital markets are the markets where trading of debt and equity securities take place. Common debt securities that are traded in the capital market are government bonds, corporate bonds, debentures issued by the organizations and other collateral bonds. These instruments carry fixed interest rates according to the market rate and corporate policy that are traded over the counter. In recent years, Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) require issue of debentures with an offer of security over the issuers tangible properties in proportion to the number and value of issued securities (Jackson and Victor 2015). Risks on investment and return on investments are parallel to each other. Higher the risk, higher is the return. For instance, fixed interest rate bonds or securities provide less return while the securities with variable interest rate fetch little higher return. On the other hand, securities that do not come with interest rates like equities fetch highest return and are invested with the long term perspective (Perez, Hodge and Le 2016). Figure 1: Risk vs. reward (Source: Westpac. 2016) Westpac Banking Corporation, one of the big four banks in Australia, specialize in issuing a wide range of both long term and shot term securities. It provides the facility to invest in government and corporate bonds, which yields higher return than cash investments at the rate 2.45% approximately for 12 months bond with denomination between $5,000- $2,50,000. The company also issue hybrid securities as well as tailored deposits with minimum deposit of $500,000 or $100,000 and maturity period of 1 year to 10 years (Westpac. 2016). However, investors need to review the performance of organizations and measure its issue price, interest amount with the current yield before investing in any securities. For instance, a perpetual bond of face value $1,000 and coupon rate at 4% is presently trading at $972. Current yield of similar securities in the market is 6% then investor should determine the intrinsic value of the bond before making investments. It can be derived as coupon amount/market yield rate i.e. 4% of $1,000/6% = $666.67 but the actual price of the bond is $972, which is overpriced. Hence, the investor is not advised to buy this bond (Westpac. 2016). Apart from the investors benefit, the instruments of money market influence the economic activities as well. Government regulated the measures in monetary policies either by themselves or through corporate by managing the supply of fund, credit and rate of interest. The budget of the financial year 2008-09 in Australia projected strong surplus amounted to around $21.7 billion to ensure the strong economical and financial position of the country. Incorporation of interest bearing securities for trading was a step by the government to strengthen the financial position of Australia through risk balance, fiscal flexibility to cover up the diminished global conditions (Rezende 2015). In case of Lehman Brothers, investments bank whose bankruptcy marked a serious interruption in the financial markets across the globe. This issue affected the industrial markets, stock markets with low index price, high interest rates and high level of risks. The considerable development in financial position in the Australian economy started in the year 2008. During this year government started issuing interest bearing securities with lower rate of return and low level of risks which improved the financial position raising GDP (Nainggolan, How and Verhoeven 2015). Therefore, investors have to be very cautious while managing their investment portfolio to incur maximum returns. Asset allocation means allocation of savings at right time and in a right way to maximize the return on investment. Each investment element is to be evaluated with respect to the duration, market yield, expected and actual return and issue price to have a profitable investment portfolio (Chalmers 2015). In order to choose optimum portfolio, investors can use matrix approach that involves three criteria for example, Target return 7% Target Standard deviation or risks 3% Number of days to disinvest and get back the fund, which is target in 5 days Portfolio Woolsworth with expected return 8%, risk 4% and number of days to disinvest 6 days Portfolio Bentley with expected return 5%, risk 2% and number of days to disinvest 3 days Score of return computed as portfolio return/ target return *100 Score of standard deviation or risks = Target Risk/ portfolio risk*100 Number of days score= Target days/ portfolio days *100 The optimum portfolio would be having highest total score: Score portfolio Woolsworth portfolio Bentley Expected return 8/7 * 100= 114.29% 5/7 * 100= 71.43% Risks 3/4 * 100= 75% 3/2 * 100= 150% Number of days 5/6 * 100= 83% 5/3 * 100= 166% Total score 272.29% 387.43% Table 1: Optimum portfolio (Source: Created by author) Hence, portfolio Bentley is preferable to invest because has the highest total score. Similarly, analysis of duration is also an essential factor to make invest in the right and profitable securities. For all interest bearing securities and bonds, duration is less than maturity except for zero coupon bond where duration is equal to the maturity. Accordingly, as maturity rises, duration increases at a decreasing rate and tends to limit the value. Hence, if the yield or interest rate is lower, duration of a security is higher (Fajar Pasaribu, Si and Ridwan 2015). Another significant factor of investment in interest bearing securities is a measurement of convexity, which is a curve to define the relationship between the price and yield of bonds. It is a risk management tool that reflects the change in duration of bonds with the change in interest rate. This means when yield of a bond falls price rises at a higher rate whereas if the yield rises, price falls at a lower rate. This positive feature is called positive convexity (Bengtsson and Hsu 2015). Figure2: Convexity (Source: Westpac. 2016) In the graph it is clear that even the price of two bonds is equal, bond A has a greater convexity due to the change in interest rate that shows the investors will have to pay more for securities or bonds having higher convexity. Therefore, analyzing the bond duration and risk of interest rate investors can immunize their investment portfolio to equalize it with the time horizon to fetch expected and maximum return (Chalmers 2015). Recommendation Therefore, if the investor is risk averse and not willing to invest in risk bearing securities, then it is recommended for them to invest in interest bearing securities. In this type of investment, there is a fixed amount of return in the form of interest will be incurred apart from the expected return of the securities. On the other hand, if investors are willing to take on risk and earn more return then they should invest in equity securities of listed companies or in mutual funds. Conclusion In view of the above discussions it can be said that the management of investment portfolio is critical and involve analysis of significant factors to incur maximum return at minimum risk. However, interest bearing securities are the optimum investment option for investors who are risk averse because these securities provide fixed return for a fixed duration with a maturity date. The issuance of these securities by government and corporate also contribute to the economic growth and industrial market in the country. Securities issed by companies like Woolsworth, Laserbond, Seafarms group and many more provides market prevailing interest rates and return rates. Economic growth of Australia has been in favorable with the incorporation of fixed interest rate securities and risk free bonds, which was a major step taken by Australian government since 2008. Therefore, interest-bearing securities with low risk and short-term duration are profitable for the investors. Reference List: Bengtsson, O. and Hsu, D.H., 2015. Ethnic matching in the US venture capital market.Journal of Business Venturing,30(2), pp.338-354. Chalmers, A.W., 2015. Financial industry mobilisation and securities markets regulation in Europe.European Journal of Political Research,54(3), pp.482-501. Edirisuriya, P., Gunasekarage, A. and Dempsey, M., 2015. Bank diversification, performance and stock market response: Evidence from listed public banks in South Asian countries.Journal of Asian Economics,41, pp.69-85. Fajar Pasaribu, S.E., Si, M. and Ridwan, M., 2015. The Extraordinary Solution for Indonesia Economic Crisis: Shariah Capital Market.Journal of Finance,3(2), pp.93-101. Ibrahim, M.H., 2015. Issues in Islamic banking and finance: Islamic banks, Shariah-compliant investment and sukuk.Pacific-Basin Finance Journal,34, pp.185-191. Jackson, T. and Victor, P.A., 2015. Does credit create a growth imperative? A quasi-stationary economy with interest-bearing debt.Ecological Economics,120, pp.32-48. Kock, A., Heising, W. and Gemnden, H.G., 2015. How Ideation Portfolio Management Influences Frontà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ End Success.Journal of Product Innovation Management,32(4), pp.539-555. Nainggolan, Y., How, J. and Verhoeven, P., 2015. Ethical Screening and Financial Performance: The Case of Islamic Equity Funds.Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-17. Perez, I., Hodge, D. and Le, H., 2016. Markov decision process algorithms for wealth allocation problems with defaultable bonds.Advances in Applied Probability,48(2), pp.392-405. Rahman, S., 2015. Ethical Investment in Stock Screening and Zakat on Stocks.Journal of Islamic Finance,4(1), pp.39-62. Rank, J., Unger, B.N. and Gemnden, H.G., 2015. Preparedness for the future in project portfolio management: The roles of proactiveness, riskiness and willingness to cannibalize.International Journal of Project Management,33(8), pp.1730-1743. Rezende, F., 2015. Demand for financial assets and monetary policy: a restatement of the liquidity preference theory and the speculative demand for money.Journal of Post Keynesian Economics,38(1), pp.64-92. Stettina, C.J. and Hrz, J., 2015. Agile portfolio management: An empirical perspective on the practice in use.International Journal of Project Management,33(1), pp.140-152. Westpac. 2016. Personal, Business and Corporate Banking. [online] Available at: https://www.westpac.com.au/ [Accessed 6 Aug. 2016].

Sibl free essay sample

The formal corporate sector, this Bank would, among others, offer the most up-to date banking services through opening of various types of deposit and investment accounts, financing trade, providing letters of guarantee, opening letters of credit, collection of bills effecting domestic and international transfer, leasing of equipment and consumer durables, hire purchase and installment sale for capital goods, investment in low-cost housing and management of real estates, participatory investment in various industrial, agricultural , transport, educational and health projects and so on. In the Non-formal non-corporate sector, it would, among others, involve in cash Waqf Certificate and development and management of WAQF and MOSQUE properties, and Trust funds Historical Background of SIBL:SIBL formed with the Bank Company Act 1991, the rules and regulation issued by the Bangladesh Bank, the Company Act 1994, the Securities and Exchange Rules 1987 and other applicable laws and regulations in 1999. The first meeting of the Board of Directors of the bank was constituted with 13 Directors. We will write a custom essay sample on Sibl or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Management The management of the bank is vested on a board of directors, for overall supervision and directions on policy matters by the board. The power of general supervision and control of the affairs of the bank is exercise by the president and the managing director of the bank who is the Chief executive. Management Hierarchy Managing Director Executive Vice President Vice President Sr. Assistant Vice President Assistant Vice President Executive Officer Senior Officer Officer Junior Officer Assistant Officer Products of SIBL 1. 1Types of Accounts: 1. 1. 1General Products are: Al Wadiah Current Deposit (AWCD): Profit Rate 0. 0% ?  Individual Account ?  Joint Account ?  Proprietor Ship Account ?  Limited Company Account Mudarabah Savings Deposits (MSD): Profit Rate 4% ?  Individual Account ?  Joint Account ?  Proprietor Ship Account Mudarabah Notice Deposits (MND): Profit Rate 4. 00% ?  Individual Account ?  Joint Account ?  Proprietor Ship Account ?  Limited Company Acc ount ( Mudaraba Term Deposit(MTDR): Term deposit is one, which is repayable after the expiry of a predetermined period fixed by the client. The period varies form 1 month to 36 months. These deposits are not repayable on demand but they are withdrawable subject to a period of notice. Hence, it is a popularly known as ‘Time Deposit’ or ‘Time Liabilities†. Normally the money on a fixed deposit is not repayable before the expiry of a fixed period. Before opening a Term Deposit Account, a customer has to fill up an application form which contains the followings: ?  Amount in figures ?  Beneficiary’s name and address ?  Period ?  Date of issue ?  Date of maturity ?  Instructions: To be renewed automatically with Profit for the next period.    Pay Profit to account no. ______on maturity ?  Special instruction ?  How the account will be operated (singly or jointly) ?  Signature (s)   MTDR no. Then a MTDR account is opened and it is recorded in the MTDR Register which contains the following information,- ? MTDR A/C no. ?  MTDR (Mudrabah Term Deposit Receipt) no. ?  Name of the MTDR Holder with address ?  Maturity period ?  Maturity date ?  Profit rate In case of Term Deposit Account the Bank needs to mainta in a cash reserve. So, SIBL offers a high Profit rate in Fixed Deposit accounts. The Profit rates followed by SIBL in Fixed Deposit accounts are:

Free Essays on Am I Blue

Ashbe Has Issues In the play â€Å"† by Beth Henley The leading male character John Polk is a typical American college student who is involved in several different activities such as being a member of one of the local fraternities. As John Polk is waiting for his turn at 12:00 p.m. to visit the local whore house, he meets a girl named Ashbe. Ashbe a local high school student, who is on the more â€Å"rebellious† side, lives in an apartment by her self, her father is an alcoholic and her mother has completely abandoned them. She takes a liking to John and invites him to wait with her until it’s his turn at the local whore house. As time goes on more and more is revealed about Ashbe, problems with theft, loneliness and self esteem. From the start when Ashbe met John it was not because they were flirting from across the room and decided to talk to each other, it was because Ashbe was trying to hide from people she had just stolen from. Ashbe obviously has a problem stealing because she stole two very minimal objects, ashtrays. It was not that she stole them in order to survive, to feed herself or her family etc... It was just to steal. She even tried to compare herself to Robin Hood, â€Å"Thief – would you call robin hood a thief?† but since when have the poor ever really needed ashtrays for anything. (Am I Blue pg.1636 ln.5) In the play, Ashbe’s Father and mother are missing, even though she says they are out of town you can tell that they are usually never there. You see this because of her customs. Customs such as working late, stealing, going out late at night etc. She is not the typical 16 year old high school student. You get the feeling that maybe she just might be lonely. She insists that he go over to her house: â€Å"Oh. I know! You can come over to my apartment. It’s just down the block.† (Am I Blue pg.1640 ln.119)She meets a guy that maybe is a little different than her, and takes a liking to him. She finds ... Free Essays on Am I Blue Free Essays on Am I Blue Ashbe Has Issues In the play â€Å"† by Beth Henley The leading male character John Polk is a typical American college student who is involved in several different activities such as being a member of one of the local fraternities. As John Polk is waiting for his turn at 12:00 p.m. to visit the local whore house, he meets a girl named Ashbe. Ashbe a local high school student, who is on the more â€Å"rebellious† side, lives in an apartment by her self, her father is an alcoholic and her mother has completely abandoned them. She takes a liking to John and invites him to wait with her until it’s his turn at the local whore house. As time goes on more and more is revealed about Ashbe, problems with theft, loneliness and self esteem. From the start when Ashbe met John it was not because they were flirting from across the room and decided to talk to each other, it was because Ashbe was trying to hide from people she had just stolen from. Ashbe obviously has a problem stealing because she stole two very minimal objects, ashtrays. It was not that she stole them in order to survive, to feed herself or her family etc... It was just to steal. She even tried to compare herself to Robin Hood, â€Å"Thief – would you call robin hood a thief?† but since when have the poor ever really needed ashtrays for anything. (Am I Blue pg.1636 ln.5) In the play, Ashbe’s Father and mother are missing, even though she says they are out of town you can tell that they are usually never there. You see this because of her customs. Customs such as working late, stealing, going out late at night etc. She is not the typical 16 year old high school student. You get the feeling that maybe she just might be lonely. She insists that he go over to her house: â€Å"Oh. I know! You can come over to my apartment. It’s just down the block.† (Am I Blue pg.1640 ln.119)She meets a guy that maybe is a little different than her, and takes a liking to him. She finds ...

MILITARY SECURITY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MILITARY SECURITY - Essay Example Both these military engagements are more similar to each other than to conventional warfare; once the bases are established in a foreign nation, a guerrilla war usually ensues much similar to a local insurgency. Military security can further be categorized in respect of its needs in and outside a military base. This categorization is based on the security dynamics of defending a stronghold and escorting a moving vehicle, crowd or even protecting civilian infrastructure. Both are essential for a military force to dominate; having a secure military base is not enough for a military to be considered successful when it is being harassed by a much smaller force in hit and run attacks. Bloody, city wide, offensives often cause millions to displace. Though this helps secure the city, the consequences are not pleasant for the security in the long term. Once the population returns to the war struck region, it is easy for the insurgents to mix up in the civilian population to infiltrate. This is a significant security challenge for the military. Wadhams reports in The Cincinnati Post, in 2004, of an insurgent infiltrating a fully guarded US security base that was protected by barbed wires and blast walls at Mosul and setting of one of the deadliest explosions. Under such circumstances, security measures often keep on changing to meet the dynamic needs. Adaptability is an essential in ‘fluid situations’, 1st Sgt. Steve Valley is reported to have said in the same report. Suicide attacks change the whole nature of security dynamics as the attacker aims to kill himself in the attack. For the conventional and nuclear warfare, the security of the personnel and equipment is foreseeable but for terrorist attacks, knowing what the enemy is capable of is solely dependent upon previous encounters and intelligence. Pappalardo (2004) reports in â€Å"National Defense† about US military as bases being equipped with chemical and biological detectors as a precaution against attacks from weapons of mass destruction. Security of military bases in the current situation is much sophisticated, especially when it comes to the smaller installations; they rely on first responders and outside help unlike the major ones which have coordination with the local authorities, be it in an occupied territory or in the home country. As the requirement puts it, smaller bases are much more in number and raise the need for sufficient security for undisrupted operations so that they can continue to operate in balance with survival and mission success. Kemp (2008) lists a series of security measures used in protecting the bases in his report on base protection in Armada International. With sufficiently trained personnel, the security measures can range from deploying simple sandbags, screens to disrupt direct line of sight, barriers and fortifications to all weather sensors, patrolling systems, anti personnel mines, counter rocket and mortar systems (C-Ram) and a com mand and control system. Intruder alarms and alertness is the key to defusing any grave situations in event of an attack. Dunigan (2011) highlights the peak utilization of private military security contractors in Victory for Hire: Private Security Companies' Impact on Military Effectiveness. This takes off the load of training and recruiting from the military and allows the military to focus

Colonization and Heart of Darkness is the author for or against it Essay

Colonization and Heart of Darkness is the author for or against it - Essay Example Thesis statement: Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness proves that the author is against colonization because the underlying theme is anti-colonial/sympathy towards the victims of colonization (say, the Africans) (special references to the autobiographical elements in the work). Author’s view on colonization First of all, the theme of the work Heart of Darkness is interconnected with the author’s growth and development from a teenager (deeply interested in geography, maps and adventurous life) to a mariner. Within this context, his voyage to Congo changed his attitude towards colonization and its consequences. To be specific, voyage to the Dark Continent (Africa), especially to Congo, helped Conrad to realize the drawbacks of colonization, forced labor and slavery. Marlow states that â€Å"Strings of dusty niggers with splay feet arrived and departed; a stream of manufactured goods, rubbishy cottons, beads, and brass-wire set into the depth of darkness, and in retu rn came a precious trickle of ivory† (46). In the novel, the undercurrent of sadness and helplessness leads the author to be pessimistic towards life and human values. His voyage to Congo helped him to realize the anti-human aspects of colonizers who considered the African continent as the source of raw materials and slaves, not as a society throbbing with life. Later, Conrad recollected his experiences in Congo and utilized the protagonist as his mouthpiece to communicate with the readers. To be specific, his development from an adventurous teenager to a mature individual who can differentiate the drawbacks of colonization forced him to a pessimistic towards life. From a different angle of view, his deep involvement in Polish Nationalist Movement in his later life can be evaluated as his protest against colonization. Within this context, one can easily identify that the author is totally against colonization and his work can be considered as the protest against colonization a nd it’s far reaching consequences. Autobiographical elements As pointed out, Conrad is the speaker (say, narrator-protagonist, Marlow) and his voyage to Congo in the year 1889 is portrayed in the work. To be specific, in his real life, Conrad decided to travel to the heart of Africa (Congo). So, he decided to seek the help of one of his relatives, namely, Aleksander Poradowski. Later, Conrad came to know that his relative was dead and decided to seek the help of Poradowski’s widow (Marguerite). With her help, Conrad was able to be the commander of a Belgian steam boat which voyaged to Congo. At that time (in 1890s), Congo was under Belgium, especially under King Leopold II. Within this context, trade relation with Congo and Belgium was based upon Belgian colonization in Congo by King Leopold II. In his work, Conrad did not give emphasize to the drawbacks of imperialism or colonization but provided ample importance to his own experience in Congo. Through the character M arlow, Conrad portrayed the hardships faced by the people of Congo under the Belgian colonization. Marlow makes clear that â€Å"They passed me within six inches, without a glance, with that complete, deathlike indifference of unhappy savages† (43). Within this context, one can easily identify that Marlow (say, the protagonist) represents the author’s firsthand experience in Con

World War Two Essay Example for Free

World War Two Essay After World War Two, the United States government faced a problem. Against Soviet pressure in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, it wanted to convince the world, especially new nations emerging from colonialism, of America’s moral leadership. Often, it found that its most exasperating opponents were some of its own people. The Unites States was profoundly racially segregated. In many states, blacks were legally relegated to separate and profoundly unequal schools. Businesses followed social or legal rules which barred or degraded blacks. Courts often functioned with a callousness and brutality of authoritarian regimes. In Cold War Civil Rights, Mary Dudziak shows how international needs prompted the United States to respond to its racial problems. In America’s long struggle to deal with race, leaders had often brought foreign influence to bear. Frederick Douglass had appealed for help in England, arguing that the whole human family needed to address this problem. 1 During World War I, the war to make the world safe for democracy, black leaders had sought to make America safe for Americans, but to little avail. World War Two marked the turning point. Fighting against regimes that spouted racist ideologies while still segregating its armed forces, America found it had to confront its own moral dilemma (pp. 7-8. ), especially as this dilemma took on strategic implications: Axis propaganda mocked the notion that non-whites could expect justice from racist America. (Pp. 8-9. ) While some voices were raised, the problem went largely ignored. America had not yet committed itself to the ideals that it had sacrificed so much to secure for others. (Pp. 9-11) The Cold War hobbled the use of foreign influence to aid the civil rights effort. Anyone airing domestic issues overseas might now be linked, often wrongly, to communist agitation. (P. 12) Still, a space remained, in which civil rights was driven by international concerns. America found it had to project an increasingly detailed image abroad. International pressures forced the United States to show itself confronting its racial problems. Often, this meant that international concerns drove the federal government and major social and political leaders to deal with domestic racial issues. (Pp. 13-14) Inherently, national leaders in international affairs were thrust into prominence in civil rights struggles. Professor Dudziak points out that her emphasis on the roles of leaders â€Å"should not be seen as an effort to privilege a top-down focus as ‘the’ story of civil rights history. † (P. 14) The vignette with which she opens the book illustrates how leaders were involved. In 1958, a black handyman in Marion, Alabama was charged with stealing less than two dollars in change from a white woman. Charged solely with robbery, he was convicted by an all-white jury and sentence to death. The case caused an outcry around the world. American businessmen overseas feared losing substantial market leverage if the death sentence was carried out. From around the globe, the United States heard calls to overturn the sentence. In the American government, this international pressure was focused on the American official charged with such concerns, the Secretary of State. John Foster Dulles probably did not care about a black handyman from Alabama, but he could not ignore the dispatches pouring in from American consular offices. He telegraphed the governor of Alabama, and the governor reported himself ready to respond to the outpouring of interest in the case. The sentence was quickly commuted. (Pp. 3-6) Turning to the story of how international pressure and domestic race relations shaped one another, Dudziak combine colorful details with a command of the big picture. She begins with Truman, who came to office facing racial concerns. Southern whites fought to defend a way of life threatened by the changes the war had wrought. (Pp. 19-23) Eventually, his reelection effort forced Truman to press the civil rights issue. Hoping he would win voters from the Republicans and the Progressives, Truman’s advisors urged him to speak out on civil rights. His advisors gambled that this would attract black voters, and reasoned that the south would stay safely Democratic. (Pp. 24-25) Accepting this advice, Truman called for civil rights measures that he knew he could not get through Congress. (Pp. 25-26) To his chagrin, southern Democrats bolted and formed their own party, but the strategy worked. Truman carried critical states, polling better among blacks than Roosevelt had done four years earlier. (P. 26) Truman’s key issue was the Cold War, and Truman found that America’s enemies made racial relations a major story. How could the United States claim that to be a model for emerging nations when America was so segregated? Throughout the world, the news media stressed racial issues. A California court decision striking down an antimiscegenation law was widely reported in the Philippines. (Pp. 32-33) American race problems were constant news in India. (P. 32) Communists focused on race issues, trying to embarrass the United States. (Pp. 38-39)2 And America embarrassed itself internationally when foreign diplomats were barred from various facilities. 3 To beat the bad foreign coverage, the United States tried to tell its own story. (Pp. 44-46) As Dudziak shows, some efforts foundered because the world did not share America’s zeal for anti-communism. Pp. 54-60) Even people the government wanted to enlist in its efforts sometimes balked. Sadly, blacks who failed to meet expectations established and enforced by zealous officials often faced serious pressure, as shown by the cases of Paul Robseon (pp. 61-62), Louis Armstrong (pp. 66-67), and Josephine Baker (pp. 67-77). President Truman desegregated the American military. Frustrated that Congress would do nothing on civil rights, Truman used his executive authority to order the military to integrate. (Pp. 82-90) Important as this action was, Dudziak argues that Truman made an even greater contribution by supporting the efforts of the NAACP’s legal attacks on desegregation. Through its briefs amicus curea and other arguments, the government pushed back the color line, often by showing the courts how important these cases were to American international prestige. (Pp. 82-114)4 President Eisenhower was frankly reluctant to endorse the great legal case of Brown v. Board. But in September 1957, he had to decide if Arkansas was part of the United States. Orville Faubus called out the Arkansas national guard. In naked defiance of the Supreme Court, he ordered that blacks be kept out of Little Rock’s schools. He argued that tensions were so high that if the schools were forced to integrate, violence would follow. To protect the black students, he would keep them segregated. (P. 116) As Eisenhower knew, the world was watching Little Rock, and America’s prestige stood in the balance. Huge teams of correspondents from around the world reported each steps of the strange dance of Washington and Arkansas. (Pp. 115-44) After tolerating three weeks of stalling, Eisenhower acted. The 82nd Airborne Division, with fixed bayonets, surrounded Central High School and escorted nine black student inside. (P. 129) Just nine days later, American prestige took another blow: the Soviets launched Sputnik. (P. 145) Roused, the United States dealt with both problems using a single tactic: decisive action. Space programs were accelerated, and the government moved ahead in Arkansas. (Pp. 145-46) On the legal front, the Supreme Court ruled that the rights of blacks could not be sacrificed to whites who would use violence or the threat of violence to hold them back. (Pp. 146-47)5 John Kennedy came to office as an activist. Unfortunately, he failed to grasp the need for activity in the field of civil rights. Hoping to concentrate on international relations, he was embarrassed and felt undercut by the Freedom Riders trying to desegregate buses in the south embarrassing. (P. 158) Initially he largely placated southern Democrats. (P. 156) Slowly, however, he learned with newly formed African nations, American standing required pressing civil rights. (Pp. 162-63) Kennedy did act decisively when riots broke out at the University of Mississippi , and much of the world applauded. (Pp 163-66) Still, African diplomats continued to face embarrassments in traveling to and from Washington. (Pp. 152-54, 1167-69) In 1963, Birmingham. Alabama police used brutal tactics to try to suppress civil right marches. Television images of police brutality (pp. 169-70) raised cries, especially in Africa, that racists were barring all legal change. As Kennedy pressured Alabama, the world applauded. (Pp. 175-78) Feeling the impatience of civil rights activists at home and abroad, in May 1963, Kennedy tried to change the American legal system, which faced new defiance from southerners even as he realized that under traditional American law, the federal government was powerless to act in many civil rights matter. He appeared before a joint session of Congress and called for of bold civil rights laws. (P. 180) This speech galvanized the civil rights movement at home and abroad. (Pp. 181-83) Throughout the world people praised this new initiative. (Pp. / 185-86) At home, the civil rights movement made the first great march on Washington. Even as new problems arose, it seemed that Kennedy was ready to deal with them. (Pp. 198-99) In the wake of Kennedy’s assassination, Lyndon Johnson pressed new civil rights measures through Congress, giving the federal government sweeping powers to enforce civil rights. (Pp. 203-20) Simultaneously, the federal courts abolished travel restrictions that had limited Americans’ rights to travel overseas. (P. 220) One American who traveled during this period was Martin Luther King, going to Norway to accept the 1964 Nobel peace prize. (Pp. 222-26)6 When Dr. King returned to lead marches from Selma, Alabama, he had a firm and supportive governmental response, communist criticism of American civil rights faltered. (Pp. 234-39 But even then, the civil rights movement was destroying itself. Urban riots brought violence and despair rather than movement. Dr. King was assassinated. Robert Kennedy was assassinated. The United States fought a war in Vietnam in which its overwhelmingly non-Asian army seemed totally oblivious to the issues of occupying an Asian nation. (Pp. 242-48) The story that Dudziak tells in this book is important to American history. Civil rights and world events did one another during this period. Now, with globalization and the Internet making the entire world essentially local, America needs to consider this period, learn from it, and learn how to apply those lessons to the present. ENDNOTES

Breakwater Essay -- Marine Infrastructures

Conventional breakwaters are massive in size and generally associated with large scales in construction materials, effort and cost. The development of large breakwater schemes with poor design and management may trigger a number of adverse effects on neighbouring coastal environment, e.g. large amount of wave reflection, alteration of beach morphology, water quality deterioration and change of marine ecosystem. To alleviate the above problems, various ingenious designs of light-weight breakwaters have been proposed, tested and constructed in the past as alternatives to the conventional breakwaters, one of which is the free surface breakwaters. Free surface breakwaters are essentially barriers located near the water surface where the energy flux is maximal. The total height of such barriers is usually far smaller than the water depth which helps water circulation around the structures. These barriers can be constructed on a group of piles driven into sea floor, or held floating as floating breakwaters. Wave reflection and dissipation are the primary energy damping mechanisms inherited by these barriers. Free surface breakwaters are most suitable to be built at semi-protected sites where the soil condition is poor. The present investigation is motivated by the construction of bottom-mounted semicircular breakwaters in Miyazaki Port (Japan), Tianjin Port (China) and Yangtze River Estuary (China) for sea defence. Extensive studies on such breakwaters were undertaken by several researchers from Japan, China and India, e.g. Tanimoto et al. (1989), Sasajima et al. (1994), Xie (1999), Dhinakaran et al. (2002), Yuan and Tao (2003) and Zhang et al. (2005). Although a number of studies have been reported in the literature associated with... ...hat comprise a large number of discrete constituents for energy dissipation. Examples of such breakwaters are multiple-layer breakwater (Wang et al., 2006) and porous-pile breakwater (Hsiao et al., 2008). These structures are usually highly porous to water flow, resulting in relatively small wave reflection and the horizontal wave forces on the structures. One of the major concerns in the design of marine infrastructures is the navigation safety adjacent to the breakwaters. In many cases, it is important to keep the amount of wave reflection in front of the breakwater to the minimal. The majority of the abovementioned breakwaters mainly serve as wave reflectors. It is hoped that the free surface semicircular breakwater considered for the present research would yield better performance characteristics by producing low reflection and desirable wave attenuation.

Anatomy and Physiology Comprehensive Final

The 2000-Meter Row: A Case in Homeostasis Adapted from the National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science* by Nathan Strong At the start 1. Recall that Jim's heart and respiratory rate are increased, he was sweating and that his mouth was dry before the raise began. Explain what is happening to his autonomic nervous system (including which division is the most active) and specify exactly how those ANS responses are creating the symptoms noted.What changes do you think are occurring in the digestive and urinary systems at this time? (8 points) In his autonomic nervous system, the sympathetic division was the most active before and during the race because it is what prepares your body for extra somatic activity. It activated as he was preparing for the race because he was becoming more stressed and nervous. It started in the sympathetic center located in his hypothalamus, and from there led multiple places causing his symptoms.His increased heart rate started when the cardioacceler atory center in the Medulla oblongata sent impulses down the spinal cord to the preganglia and ganglionic neurons of the Cervical and T1-T3 spinal cord segments, then the cardiac and pulmonary plexuses, which then leads to the heart and increases the rate at which it pumps. At the same time, his respiratory rate increased similarly. Impulses sent down his spinal cord through the preganglia and ganglionic neurons of the Cervical and T1-T3 spinal cord segments, to his cardiac and pulmonary plexuses, which then led to a higher breathing rate.The sweating is another response to the activation of his fight or flight mode, the sympathetic division. His body perceived his nervousness as a sign that there is a threat and he may begin to exert more energy and in turn become hot, so it prepares for that by sweating in an effort to cool his body. His postganglionic fibers began to innervate his sweat glands by releasing acetylcholine and activating his muscarinic receptors. The cause of his dr y mouth was his preganglionic fibers which ascend to his superior cervical sympathetic ganglia and inhibited his salivary glands.Finally, during a time where the sympathetic division of the ANS has been activated, the blood flow to the digestive system will be restricted and temporarily restricts digestive activities. Then, in the urinary system, kidney functioning is reduced, the detrusor urinae muscle of the bladder wall relaxes as the internal urethral sphincter contracts, which overall suspends the urinary system. One minute in 2. Consider the power stroke of rowing from the perspective of the actions at the shoulder and elbow joints.Create a table that shows what muscles, under control of what nerves, pull on what bones to cause each action. Be sure to include the action of fixating the shoulder blade and pulling it back. The first column for your table must be the action. This column should describe what is occurring in both English and anatomical terminology (see chapter 9). But only include those actions needed to row the boat. Points will be deducted for unneeded actions. See example below*. (15 points) Action| Muscle| Origin | Insertion | Nerve|Maintain Handle Height:Angular motion of the humerus at the shoulder| Deltoid| Clavicle, spine and acromion of scapula| Deltoid tuberosity of humerus| Axillary Nerve| Pulls Together The Shoulder Blades:Adducts and rotates scapula downward| Rhomboidmajor and minor| Spinous processes of C7 and T1-T5| Medial border of scapula| Dorsal Scapular Nerve| Pulling The Handle Toward Your Body:Flexes the forearm at the hinge joint of the elbow| Biceps brachii| Long head at supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula through the intertubercular groove, short head at coracoid process of scapula| Radial tuberosity| Musculocutaneous Nerve| Pushing The Handle Away From Body:Extend the forearm at the hinge joint of the elbow| Triceps brachii| Lateral head at posterior side of humerus, medial head at distal radial groove of humerus, lo ng head at margin of the glenoid cavity| Olecranon process of the ulna| Radial Nerve| 3. Now, pick one of those muscles and trace their control from the appropriate brain structure all the way to the NMJ. Be sure to include all intermediate structures, synapses, plexuses and nerves. (8 points) Movement of the deltoid begins in the cerebrum of the brain, but more specifically: in the frontal lobe, the premotor cortex is relaying instructions to the primary motor cortex.The primary motor cortex contains the upper motor neurons whose axons will travel down the pyramids of the medulla oblongata and synapse on lower motor neurons in the anterior gray horns of spinal cord segments C5-C6. From there, the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-C6 form the superior trunk of the brachial plexus, which splits into two divisions. We will follow the posterior division that supplies to extensor muscles. This posterior division then runs into the posterior cord from which the axillary nerve is derived. The axillary nerve’s motor end innervates the deltoid through its neuromuscular junction. 4. Rowing full speed is putting maximum demands on Jim's muscles.What metabolic process is providing most of the energy for Jim’s muscles at this point and why do Jim's muscles feel like they are burning? (5 points) As Jim’s muscles are at maximum demand, his mitochondria are unable to produce the needed ATP through aerobic respiration because oxygen is unable to diffuse fast enough into his muscle fibers. At this time anaerobic glycolysis takes the lead as the metabolic process producing two-thirds of the ATP needed so that his muscles can continue contracting. However, during glycolysis, there is soon more pyruvic acid produced then can be used at the time. That pyruvic acid gets converted to lactic acid, which is an organ acid that is able to dissociate in body fluids.The lactic acid breaks up into hydrogen ions and negatively charged lactate ions that lowers intracellul ar pH and causes a burning sensation in his muscles. 5. Trace the sensation of pain in Jim’s left Quadriceps muscle from the receptor to perception in the brain. Be sure to include the nerve and all intermediate structures involved in relaying this sensation. (8 points) When Jim felt a pain sensation in his Quadriceps muscle, it began with the local nociceptors being activated. A signal was then transmitted from his nociceptor neurons, through the dorsal root ganglia where the cell bodies are located. Then, the signal is processed through the Central Nervous System, reaching the interneurons and being relayed to the brain through the lateral spinothalamic tract.The lateral spinothalamic tract and interneurons end in the ventral nuclei of the thalamus, where third-order neurons process and relay the painful sensation to the primary sensory cortex. 6. Since the end of the first minute, Jim has decreased the demands his muscles are making. What metabolic process is now providing most of the energy for his muscles? What muscle protein has been storing Oxygen for this activity? (6 points) Now that Jim has decreased the demand on his muscles, they are able to function primarily on aerobic metabolism, breaking down pyruvic acid to produce ATP. However, he is still working at a high level of energy, which will require a lot of oxygen. Myoglobin, an oxygen-binding protein helps to supply some of the needed oxygen for aerobic respiration. 7. What energy molecules is Jim’s body consuming?What might Jim have done the night before to increase his endurance today? (4 points) During the race, Jim was using broken down glucose from the glycogen reserves in his sarcoplasm. A good way to improve endurance during a race is to eat a meal full of complex carbohydrates. These carbs provide energy the next day because they take longer than almost any other food to be broken down, and as they are slowly digested they continue to provide energy throughout the race. 8. Id entify the components of the homeostatic control system that is keeping Jim’s body cool and then explain specifically how that system works, including the messaging system involved. (8 pts)The homeostatic control system that maintains body temperature is called thermoregulation. The system has a control center known as the thermoregulatory centre that’s located in the hypothalamus. There are two sets of temperature receptors that send information to the control center. One monitors the core by looking at the temperature of the blood that flows through the brain, and the second monitors the external temperature through the receptors in the skin. Once his body temp rose above 37. 20C, the higher temp stimulated his heat loss center. There are then two effectors that were at work lowering his body temperature. First, the smooth muscle of his arterioles supplying the skin relaxed, which caused vasodilation.Second, his sweat glands became more active and began cooling his s kin surface. Finally, as his body regains its normal body temperature and that information gets to the hypothalamus, the control center becomes dormant. 9. Recall that Jim could see boats on either side of him. Trace the image of those boats to perception. (Include all focusing, transduction, transmission and perception processes and structures) (10 points) As Jim was rowing and watching the boats beside him, the first step was reception. This happens as light is entering his eyes and the lens is focusing it onto the fovea of his retina, which is where his photoreceptors are located.The second step is transduction, during which the rods and codes are converting the electro-magnetic energy into electro-chemical nerve impulses. This is the step that allows the light energy to move across our optic nerve and be processed in the brain. That step where his nerve impulses are sent to his primary visual cortex is called transmission. The next step, selection, is where feature detector cell s are working to break up the image. Then during organization, through multiple visual perceptual principles, the information is being reassembled into a way that we can understand it. The image goes to both our temporal and parietal lobes so that we can identify and determine where the object is located.Finally, the interpretation stage is where the boats he saw where both identified and given meaning. 10. Jim has stopped rowing and his muscles are now at rest. Why are his heart and breathing rates still so high? (3 points) His rowing competition took a lot of energy and oxygen. Once it was over, his body needed to restore what was used during his exercise. A higher breathing rate brings more oxygen into the lungs, and a higher heart rate pumps blood so that the oxygen can get into the blood stream then into the muscles. Oxygen in the muscles will allow restoration of the ATP levels. 11. Why did Jim lose 4 pounds during this event? What tissue/body material was lost and will this b e a â€Å"permanent† weight loss? (5 points)About half a pound out of Jim’s four-pound loss could have been the glycogen reserves in his muscles that were depleted, but most of the weight loss was due to water loss while he was sweating during the race. Both of these things will be restored in his body though, causing the weight loss to only be temporary. Works Cited â€Å"Breathing Rate And Heart Rates After Exercise. † LiveStrong. Demand Media, Inc. , 14 Jul. 2011. Web. 1 Dec. 2012. â€Å"Chapter 6 – Visual Perception. † Oup. n. p. , n. d. Web. 1 Dec. 2012. PDF file. â€Å"Homeostasis. † BiologyMad. IHW, Mar. 2006. Web. 1 Dec. 2012. â€Å"Keeping Your Autonomic Nervous System Healthy. † DrWilson. The Center For Development. June 2011. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. â€Å"Muscles Used In A Rowing Machine. † LiveStrong.Demand Media, Inc. , 3 May, 2011. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. â€Å"The Body Can Use Glycogen As An Energy Source When Aerobic Exe rcise Lasts How Long? † LiveStrong. Demand Media, Inc. , 7 Jul. 2011. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. â€Å"The Brachial Plexus. † UpState. Health Science Center, n. d. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. â€Å"What Is Most Of The Weight Loss From When Individuals Lose Weight Quickly? † LiveStrong. Demand Media, Inc. , 28 Apr. 2011. Web. 1 Dec. 2012. â€Å"Why Do You Sweat When You’re Nervous? † WiseGeek. Conjecture Corporation, 15 Nov. 2012. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. â€Å"Why You Should Load Up On Good Carbs The Night Before A Big Game. † FitDay. Internet Brands, Inc. , n. d. Web. 30 Nov. 2012.

Social Responsibility Of A Business - 1444 Words

Introduction Cohen wrote extensively on the work of Drucker especially in the areas of business and nonprofit management. However, Cohen’s article on social responsibility drew a lot attention from other scholars like Friedman. In view of this, this paper will discuss and define the concept of social responsibility of a business to its workers, stakeholders, and society; how the perspectives align with that of Drucker; comparing Cohen’s opinion with that of Friedman and finally determines which of the two individual’s opinion best aligns with the current business climate promoting a green environment. Concept of social responsibility According to Cohen (2009), the concept of social responsibility entail that â€Å"every organization must assume the full responsibility for its impact on employees, the environment, customers, and whomever and whatever it touches† (p. 31). On the other hand, Murphy (2009) explains that social responsibility â€Å"pertains to an entity’s ability to respond to a person, situation or issue in a certain way† (p. 245). Comparatively, Carroll Buchholtz (2003) revealed that the concept of social responsibility means that â€Å"organizations have moral, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities in addition to their responsibilities to earn fair return for investors and comply with the law† (p. 36). This means that the society will look for major organizations where profits and nonprofit could be derived to take care of some of the ills in the society.Show MoreRelatedThe Social Responsibility Of Business932 Words   |  4 Page sA corporation does do business within a vacuum; rather exist as part of larger collective framework of society, stakeholders and a global business community. 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